Common Name: Nile Bichir “PBB”
Scientific Name: Polypterus bichir bichir
Other Names: True Nile Bichir, PBB Bichir
The Nile Bichir “PBB” is one of the largest and most sought-after Polypterus species, known for its elongated body, strong dorsal finlets, and robust, prehistoric appearance. This subspecies is native to the Nile River system and is distinguished by its larger size, more pronounced head structure, and unique patterning compared to other bichirs. Its ability to breathe atmospheric air through a modified swim bladder allows it to survive in low-oxygen environments.
Habitat and Distribution:
Native to the Nile River and surrounding freshwater systems in North and East Africa, Polypterus bichir bichir inhabits slow-moving waters, floodplains, and areas with dense vegetation. It thrives in warm, soft, and slightly acidic to neutral waters with muddy or sandy substrates. This species often lurks near submerged logs and aquatic plants, ambushing prey using its excellent night vision and acute sense of smell.
Size and Lifespan:
This is one of the largest bichirs, reaching up to 30-36 inches (76-91 cm) in the wild. In captivity, they commonly grow to about 24-30 inches (60-76 cm) with proper care. Their lifespan ranges from 15-25 years with optimal conditions.
Diet and Behavior:
The Nile Bichir is a carnivore that preys on fish, crustaceans, and other meaty foods in the wild. In captivity, it should be fed a varied diet of high-quality sinking carnivore pellets, frozen or live foods such as chopped tilapia, earthworms, bloodworms, and blackworms. It has a slow but deliberate feeding style, often ambushing prey in low-light conditions. While generally peaceful with similarly sized fish, it will consume any tank mate that fits in its mouth.
Breeding and Reproduction:
Breeding Polypterus bichir bichir in captivity is rare and challenging. They are egg scatterers, with males using their anal fins to guide fertilized eggs to safe locations among aquatic plants or crevices. Successful breeding attempts usually require hormone induction and carefully controlled water parameters. Most PBB Bichirs in the aquarium trade are wild-caught.
Aquarium Care and Tank Requirements:
A minimum of 180 gallons is required for juveniles, with a significantly larger tank (300+ gallons) necessary for long-term care. Their ideal tank setup includes a soft sand substrate to prevent injury, large driftwood and rock structures for shelter, moderate filtration with gentle water flow, subdued lighting to mimic their natural environment, and a secure lid, as they are known to escape through small openings.
Ideal Tank Mates:
The Nile Bichir is best housed with similarly large, non-aggressive fish that are not small enough to be eaten. Suitable tank mates include Arowanas, Datnoids, Large Cichlids (Oscars, Severums, Peacock Bass), Giant Gouramis, Larger Catfish, and other Polypterus species. Avoid housing them with small fish, overly aggressive tank mates, or fin-nipping species.
Difficulty Level:
Advanced. They require an extremely large tank, a high-protein diet, and stable water conditions to thrive.
Water Parameters:
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Temperature: 76-84°F (24-29°C)
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pH: 6.5-7.5
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General Hardness (GH): 5-15 dGH
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Carbonate Hardness (KH): 3-10 dKH
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Ammonia: 0 ppm
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Nitrite: 0 ppm
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Nitrate: <20 ppm (regular water changes required)
Additional Information:
- Strong filtration and frequent water changes are necessary due to their large size and high waste production.
- A tight-fitting lid is essential, as they are known to be excellent escape artists.
- They are nocturnal and prefer dim lighting, becoming more active during feeding times.
The Nile Bichir “PBB” is a true prehistoric giant and one of the most impressive Polypterus species available in the aquarium trade. For those with the space and experience to care for them properly, they make an extraordinary centerpiece fish that can live for decades.
